The Sentinel Artifact is a unique enemy since it is a literal object/relic; however, it does attack with its Lasers and must be dealt damage to defeat and capture it. You must go through the boss mechanics to reach a damage phase and deal damage to the artifact while avoiding its Lasers, meaning, for the most part, you are not fighting the artifact itself but rather the enemies it summons into the arena.

For more information on how to do the main quest, prepare for this boss fight, and defeat it, you can read our detailed main quest guide for The Tomb.